1 nextTick的使用
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vue中dom的更像并不是实时的,当数据改变后,vue会把渲染watcher添加到异步队列,异步执行,同步代码执行完成后再统一修改dom,我们看下面的代码。
{{msg}}
export default {
name: 'index',
data () {
return {
msg: 'hello'
}
},
mounted () {
this.msg = 'world'
let box = document.getElementsByClassName('box')[0]
console.log(box.innerHTML) // hello
}
}
可以看到,修改数据后并不会立即更新dom ,dom的更新是异步的,无法通过同步代码获取,需要使用nextTick,在下一次事件循环中获取。
this.msg = 'world'
let box = document.getElementsByClassName('box')[0]
this.$nextTick(() => {
console.log(box.innerHTML) // world
})如果我们需要获取数据更新后的dom信息,比如动态获取宽高、位置信息等,需要使用nextTick。
2 数据变化dom更新与nextTick的原理分析
2.1 数据变化
vue双向数据绑定依赖于ES5的Object.defineProperty,在数据初始化的时候,通过Object.defineProperty为每一个属性创建getter与setter,把数据变成响应式数据。对属性值进行修改操作时,如this.msg = world,实际上会触发setter。下面看源码,为方便越读,源码有删减。
双向数据绑定

数据改变触发set函数
Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
// 数据修改后触发set函数 经过一系列操作 完成dom更新
set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) {
const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
if (getter && !setter) return
if (setter) {
setter.call(obj, newVal)
} else {
val = newVal
}
childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)
dep.notify() // 执行dep notify方法
}
})执行dep.notify方法
export default class Dep {
constructor () {
this.id = uid++
this.subs = []
}
notify () {
const subs = this.subs.slice()
for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {
// 实际上遍历执行了subs数组中元素的update方法
subs[i].update()
}
}
}当数据被引用时,如
{{msg}}
,会执行get方法,并向subs数组中添加渲染Watcher,当数据被改变时执行Watcher的update方法执行数据更新。
update () {
/* istanbul ignore else */
if (this.lazy) {
this.dirty = true
} else if (this.sync) {
this.run()
} else {
queueWatcher(this) //执行queueWatcher
}
}update 方法最终执行queueWatcher
function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) {
const id = watcher.id
if (has[id] == null) {
has[id] = true
if (!flushing) {
queue.push(watcher)
} else {
// if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id
// if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.
let i = queue.length - 1
while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) {
i--
}
queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher)
}
// queue the flush
if (!waiting) {
// 通过waiting 保证nextTick只执行一次
waiting = true
// 最终queueWatcher 方法会把flushSchedulerQueue 传入到nextTick中执行
nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)
}
}
}执行flushSchedulerQueue方法
function flushSchedulerQueue () {
currentFlushTimestamp = getNow()
flushing = true
let watcher, id
...
for (index = 0; index < queue.length; index++) {
watcher = queue[index]
if (watcher.before) {
watcher.before()
}
id = watcher.id
has[id] = null
// 遍历执行渲染watcher的run方法 完成视图更新
watcher.run()
}
// 重置waiting变量
resetSchedulerState()
...
}也就是说当数据变化最终会把flushSchedulerQueue传入到nextTick中执行flushSchedulerQueue函数会遍历执行watcher.run()方法,watcher.run()方法最终会完成视图更新,接下来我们看关键的nextTick方法到底是啥
2.2 nextTick
nextTick方法会被传进来的回调push进callbacks数组,然后执行timerFunc方法
export function nextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
let _resolve
// push进callbacks数组
callbacks.push(() => {
cb.call(ctx)
})
if (!pending) {
pending = true
// 执行timerFunc方法
timerFunc()
}
}timerFunc
let timerFunc
// 判断是否原生支持Promise
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
const p = Promise.resolve()
timerFunc = () => {
// 如果原生支持Promise 用Promise执行flushCallbacks
p.then(flushCallbacks)
if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
}
isUsingMicroTask = true
// 判断是否原生支持MutationObserver
} else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
isNative(MutationObserver) ||
// PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)) {
let counter = 1
// 如果原生支持MutationObserver 用MutationObserver执行flushCallbacks
const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
observer.observe(textNode, {
characterData: true
})
timerFunc = () => {
counter = (counter + 1) % 2
textNode.data = String(counter)
}
isUsingMicroTask = true
// 判断是否原生支持setImmediate
} else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
timerFunc = () => {
// 如果原生支持setImmediate 用setImmediate执行flushCallbacks
setImmediate(flushCallbacks)
}
// 都不支持的情况下使用setTimeout 0
} else {
timerFunc = () => {
// 使用setTimeout执行flushCallbacks
setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0)
}
}
// flushCallbacks 最终执行nextTick 方法传进来的回调函数
function flushCallbacks () {
pending = false
const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
callbacks.length = 0
for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
copies[i]()
}
}nextTick会优先使用microTask, 其次是macroTask 。
也就是说nextTick中的任务,实际上会异步执行,nextTick(callback)类似于
Promise.resolve().then(callback),或者setTimeout(callback, 0)。
也就是说vue的视图更新 nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)等同于setTimeout(flushSchedulerQueue, 0),会异步执行flushSchedulerQueue函数,所以我们在this.msg = hello 并不会立即更新dom。
要想在dom更新后读取dom信息,我们需要在本次异步任务创建之后创建一个异步任务。
异步队列

为了验证这个想法我们不用nextTick,直接用setTimeout实验一下。如下面代码,验证了我们的想法。
{{msg}}
基本
文件
流程
错误
SQL
调试
- 请求信息 : 2026-06-04 00:41:37 HTTP/1.1 GET : /article/pijgcd.html
- 运行时间 : 1.4028s ( Load:0.0021s Init:0.0010s Exec:1.3203s Template:0.0794s )
- 吞吐率 : 0.71req/s
- 内存开销 : 483.45 kb
- 查询信息 : 12 queries 5 writes
- 文件加载 : 36
- 缓存信息 : 0 gets 0 writes
- 配置加载 : 130
- 会话信息 : SESSION_ID=8paik4h7bj5bjn4e7qbejc65c6
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/index.php ( 1.09 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/ThinkPHP.php ( 4.61 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Think.class.php ( 12.26 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Storage.class.php ( 1.37 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Storage/Driver/File.class.php ( 3.52 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Mode/common.php ( 2.82 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Common/functions.php ( 53.56 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Hook.class.php ( 4.01 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/App.class.php ( 13.49 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Dispatcher.class.php ( 14.79 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Route.class.php ( 13.36 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Controller.class.php ( 11.23 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/View.class.php ( 7.59 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Behavior/BuildLiteBehavior.class.php ( 3.68 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Behavior/ParseTemplateBehavior.class.php ( 3.88 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Behavior/ContentReplaceBehavior.class.php ( 1.91 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Conf/convention.php ( 11.15 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/App/Common/Conf/config.php ( 2.16 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Lang/zh-cn.php ( 2.55 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Conf/debug.php ( 1.49 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/App/Home/Conf/config.php ( 0.31 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/App/Home/Common/function.php ( 3.33 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Behavior/ReadHtmlCacheBehavior.class.php ( 5.62 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/App/Home/Controller/ArticleController.class.php ( 6.02 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/App/Home/Controller/CommController.class.php ( 1.60 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Model.class.php ( 60.11 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Db.class.php ( 32.43 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Db/Driver/Pdo.class.php ( 16.74 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Cache.class.php ( 3.83 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Cache/Driver/File.class.php ( 5.87 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Template.class.php ( 28.16 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Template/TagLib/Cx.class.php ( 22.40 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Template/TagLib.class.php ( 9.16 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/App/Runtime/Cache/Home/7540f392f42b28b481b30614275e4e55.php ( 18.20 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Behavior/WriteHtmlCacheBehavior.class.php ( 0.97 KB )
- /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Behavior/ShowPageTraceBehavior.class.php ( 5.24 KB )
- [ app_init ] --START--
- Run Behavior\BuildLiteBehavior [ RunTime:0.000017s ]
- [ app_init ] --END-- [ RunTime:0.000080s ]
- [ app_begin ] --START--
- Run Behavior\ReadHtmlCacheBehavior [ RunTime:0.000108s ]
- [ app_begin ] --END-- [ RunTime:0.000153s ]
- [ view_parse ] --START--
- [ template_filter ] --START--
- Run Behavior\ContentReplaceBehavior [ RunTime:0.000090s ]
- [ template_filter ] --END-- [ RunTime:0.000141s ]
- Run Behavior\ParseTemplateBehavior [ RunTime:0.078430s ]
- [ view_parse ] --END-- [ RunTime:0.078549s ]
- [ view_filter ] --START--
- Run Behavior\WriteHtmlCacheBehavior [ RunTime:0.000125s ]
- [ view_filter ] --END-- [ RunTime:0.000149s ]
- [ app_end ] --START--
- 1064:You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ') LIMIT 1' at line 1
[ SQL语句 ] : SELECT `id`,`pid`,`navname` FROM `cx_nav` WHERE ( id= ) LIMIT 1
- 1064:You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ') LIMIT 1' at line 1
[ SQL语句 ] : SELECT `id`,`navname` FROM `cx_nav` WHERE ( id= ) LIMIT 1
- 1064:You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ')' at line 1
[ SQL语句 ] : SELECT `id`,`navname` FROM `cx_nav` WHERE ( pid= )
- [8] Undefined index: pid /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/App/Home/Controller/ArticleController.class.php 第 47 行.
- [8] Undefined index: db_host /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Db.class.php 第 120 行.
- [8] Undefined index: db_port /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Db.class.php 第 121 行.
- [8] Undefined index: db_name /home/wwwroot/bluegullmediac/wwwroot/ThinkPHP/Library/Think/Db.class.php 第 122 行.

1.4028s
